PRINTED FROM the OXFORD RESEARCH ENCYCLOPEDIA, PSYCHOLOGY (oxfordre.com/psychology). 29:49. For example, coaches describe strong physical play as aggressive, when this type of play is actually assertive; it is within the rules of the game and there is no intention to cause harm. In sport, aggression has been defined into two categories: hostile aggression and instrumental aggression (Silva, 1983). The cognitive viewpoint approaches sports phenomena objectively in order to describe, explain, and compare them—that is, to present the real situation. London: Routledge. (c) Oxford University Press USA, 2020. Three of them are Social environmental variables are also associated with aggression. This viewpoint makes it nearly impossible to diagnose the existing state of affairs, Attitudes towards aggression in sport, while taking into account other criteria, may be divided into the cognitive and the commonsense interpretations. The difference between aggression and assertion lies in the intention to harm. Wann DL, Carlson JD, Schrader MP. One view is that aggression results from Some theorists view aggression as a learned behavior, which is the result of an individual’s interactions with personal social environment over time. In the examples above, the basketball player and wrestler would be good examples — in each case the individual is using aggression within the confines of the rules and only so that he may help his success on the court/mat. (c) Oxford University Press USA, 2020. In sports psychology this means that there is an intention to harm or injure outside the rules of the game (verbal/physical) Known as reactive aggression (likely to under achieve, get injured or be removed from the game) So what are the Potential causes? Being hostile refers to “impulsive, angry aggression intended to hurt someone who has in some way provoked an individual” (Russell, 2008). Although assertive behaviors are forceful behaviors that are not intended to injure the victim, by their nature, they may result in unintended harm to the athlete’s opponent. Assertiveness does not involve attempts to harm others in pursuit of a goal and therefore requires a degree of self-control from an athlete.What causes some athletes to completely lose control.
Hostile aggression, on the other hand, is violence that goes beyond the scope of the sport. Unfortunately many don't have self control and aggression gets out of control.Copyright © 2020 HubPages Inc. and respective owners. Instrumental aggression in sport is behavior that intentionally causes injury or harm to an opponent in pursuit of another non-aggressive goal such as scoring or winning (Bredemeier, 1975). In the case of sports like boxing and MMA events like the UFC it should be emphasised that many fighters will go into the ring with the purpose of doing what it takes to beat their opponent within the laws and customs of the sport.As both instrumental and hostile aggression involve an intent to do harm to another athlete and human being, in reality it should therefore be discouraged at all levels of competition.In many cases when a coach is asking an athlete to show aggression they are in fact seeking an All coaches, parents and athletes should be aiming to assert their presence within their sport. Stankovich has written/co-written five books, including Positive Transitions for Student Athletes, The ParentsPlaybook, Mind of Steel.Catch Dr. Stankovich’s tv, radio, and print interviews and columns here!
Life strategies for performance and character development for coaches, parents, and student athletes competing in youth and interscholastic sports.All rights reserved © 2020 Advanced Human Performance Systems™Be Aware of a New Anxiety Student Athletes are Experiencing this YearThe Race to Restart Sports is Putting Some People in Uncomfortable PositionsDiscover a Big Psychology Secret to Unleash Better Motivation & ResultsImportant Tips for Athletes to Overcome Anxiety and Play at a High LevelMichael Jordan's Handling of Failure was a Powerful Part of His SuccessBe Aware of a New Anxiety Student Athletes are Experiencing this YearDiscover a Big Psychology Secret to Unleash Better Motivation & Results Athletes exhibiting assertive behavior use legal physical or verbal force which, beyond sport could be deemed as violent or aggressive. Instrumental aggression is when the main aim is achieve a goal by using aggression. Instrumental aggression in sport is behavior that intentionally causes injury or harm to an opponent in pursuit of another non-aggressive goal such as scoring or winning (Bredemeier, 1975). It's making the challenges that a defender wouldn't usually be expected to make which fall inside the respective laws of the game. – Watch the following videos and then write 3 factors you believe cause aggression in sport?
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