These included Benjamin Constant, Jean-Baptiste Say, Charles Comte, Charles Dunoyer, and Frédéric Bastiat.
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Unlike those of Comte, Spencer’s views were widely accepted during his lifetime.
The loyalty of the individual to the state has to be unquestioning.Human Relationship Based on Compulsory Co-operation: Human relationships are characterised in this kind of society by a state of “compulsory co-operation.” Spencer, however, has not elaborated this point much.It is clear from the above description that Spencer’s “Militant type” of society could be used as a basis of interpretation not only to the despotic societies of the ancient world, but also to the totalitarian societies in the contemporary world. According to Spencer, evolution proceeds from military society to industrial society.
become a common practice.“These factors bring about a much less rigid and less tyrannical class structure……….” [Ronald Fletcher – 285]. A militant society must, therefore, to the greatest degree practicable, provide internally the supplies of all articles needful for carrying on the lives of its members. THE SOCIOLOGY OF HERBERT SPENCER. Hence they insist upon an effective means of representative government.
The gods are also pictured in terms of a hierarchy of power.The religion itself is a hierarchical organisation, and the Ecclesiastical Head himself possesses supreme, despotic authority. Absolute control of the ruler makes necessary a clear, precise and rigid hierarchy of power throughout society. Spencer wrote: “All are slaves to those above and despots to those below.This rigid hierarchy of power necessarily involves a rigid grading of social statuses. His grand scheme . These included Benjamin Constant, Jean-Baptiste Say, Charles Comte, Charles Dunoyer, and Frédéric Bastiat. Spencer emphasised the laws of evolution and natural causation. Publish your original essays now. The idea that the will and the well- being of the individual citizens which is of supreme importance in the society, prevails upon the previous one.
b) Centralized government . Hence all forms of governmental control exist merely to manifest their wishes and to serve them.In such a society the despotic government is considered to be irrelevant and wrong.
Hence it gives rise to rigid social classes in economic life. It implies that social organisation is more important than social process.
They are not only allowed, they are actively encouraged, to do so.The growth of agriculture, commerce and industrial manufacture within a fixed geographic territory is given military security. Thus Spencer said: “Ever in antagonism with other societies the life is a life of enmity and the religion a religion of enemity.”The whole tenor of life in a military society is characterised by rigorous discipline. a) Characterized by compulsory corporation . What is the difference between Militant and Industrial Society of Herbert Spencer? (i) Change from Simplicity to Complexity, ... Society to Industrial Society: According to Spencer, evolution proceeds from military society to industrial society. It takes place in the periphery of the society and the greater part of the social organisation is peaceful.
It neglects to provide sufficiently for inherent psychical changes. Military Society: Industrial Society. He called the types as “militant societies” and “industrial societies.” The first was a type in which the “Regulating System” was dominant over all the other aspects of society. The distinction which Spencer makes between “militant” types of society and “industrial” types of society was one shared by a number of classical liberal writers who emerged during and after the Napoleonic Wars. Any dispute or mutual claims and counter-claims relating to the rights are to be resolved here through an impartial procedure or institutional arrangement.In this society, the “sustaining system” possesses a large degree of freedom from the “regulatory system.” Here the control and governance of the economic affairs is deliberately separated from the political government.It is assumed here that the intelligent individuals concerned with their own economic activities are more capable of making their own decisions than the administrative officials. Religion instead of working as a means of social control remains only as a matter of individual faith and commitment. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Essay. Spencer in his organic analogy suggested likenesses and differences between biological organisms and human society.8. Thus the prevailing belief is – “that its members exist for the benefit of the whole and not the whole for the benefit of its members.
- Militant Society, Centralized - Industrial Society, Decentralized 6- Structure of social stratification - Militant Society, Fixity of rank, occupation, and locality; inheritance of positions - Industrial Society, Plasticity and openness of rank, occupation, and locality; movement between positions 7- Type of economic activity The peaceful atmosphere leads to the growth of free associations and institutions.
He strongly supported the principle of “individualism “, for he himself was individualistic. Spencer’s evolutionary law suggested that societies could be classified on the basis of their “degree of composition.” On this basis he classified societies into four types.According to Ronald Fletcher, Spencer also classified societies into (i) Military Society, and (ii) Industrial Society, on the basis of the relative preponderance of one or the other of the “Regulating”, “Sustaining” and “Distributive” systems.Spencer thought of constructing two extremely dissimilar “types” or “models” to classify societies into two categories. a) Characterized by voluntary corporation.
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